European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies
European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (EJIS) is an open-access, peer-reviewed research journal. EJIS welcomes and acknowledges high-quality theoretical and empirical original research papers in the fields of Humanities and Interdisciplinary Studies, case studies, review articles, literature reviews, book reviews, conceptual frameworks, analytical and simulation models, and technical notes from researchers, academicians, professional and practitioners from all over the World.
Lean Management Practices and Organizational Performance: An Experience from Brewing Plants in South East, Nigeria
The Study focuses on effect of Lean Management practices on the Performance of Brewing plants in South East, Nigeria. Specifically the study aimed to pursue the following objectives to determine the effect of continuous improvement on Product Quality in of Brewing Plants in South-East, Nigeria, ascertain the nature of correlation between Supply Chain and Production Cost of the Brewing plants in the South-East, Nigeria and Identify the influence of Just-In-Time delivery practice on Customer Satisfaction of Brewing plants in South-East, Nigeria. The study had a population size of (1528) of employees of the selected first banks, and sample of 431 were derived using Cochran’s sample size determination formula. The total number of 431 copies of the questionnaire was distributed while 401 copies were properly filled/returned - used while 30 copies were not properly filled. Descriptive Survey research design was used for the study. three hypotheses were tested using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and simple linear regression tool. The findings indicated Continuous improvement had significant effect on Product Quality of the Brewing Plants of South-East, Nigeria (r = 0 .555; F = 177.326; t = 13.316; P smaller than 0.05) .There was a significant positive correlation between Supply Chain and Production Cost of the Brewing plants in the South-East, Nigeria (r = 0. 957, P smaller than .05). Just-In-Time delivery practice had significant effect on Customer Satisfaction of the Brewing Plants in South-East, Nigeria (.r = 0 .869; F= 1227.494; t = 35.036; P smaller than 0.05). The study recommends that Brewing plants in South East, Nigeria should embrace Continuous improvement which will help to maintain the realms of quality on a consistent and continuous basis, also enable firms to conduct market research and study on a regular basis having a drive in offering the products that stand as a testimony to the quality and its principles.
Copyright (c) 2024 European Journal of Marketing and Economics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Social Injustice Against African Pupils in the Finnish Basic Education System: Deconstructing Institutional Discrimination through the Lenses of Immigrant Twins
This article analyses the perceptions of fourteen African households having fifteen African children attending Finnish system of basic education in the same grade and from the same municipality using ethnographic method. The article is based on a three-year analysis about the pupils’ academic journey from Grade one to three between 2019-2022 and evaluates the parental understanding and perception about 1) the Finnish education system 2) the pupils’ performance and 3) the attitude of teachers towards the pupils. This article uses biographical method from parents. The article uses the theory of race and ethnicity to highlight issues in basic education system, especially through the eyes of the twins. The article uses the concept of social injustice to illuminate the separate and unequal treatment experiences of African pupils in the Finnish basic education and how it may affect their education and career trajectory in the future.
Copyright (c) 2024 European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Emotional Intelligence and Work-Life Balance in Employees
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Emotional Intelligence and work-life balance on the quality of life of workers. The study used a quantitative methodology to meet the objectives of the study. While on the other hand, primary data was collected from responses to questionnaires widely distributed on the Google Forms platform. The sample of the study consisted of workers from different public and private sectors in the city of Tirana. In general, the participants in this study were a young age group, newly familiar with work and as such may still be trying to balance not only work-family conflicts but also to manage emotional intelligence in the workplace. The results of the study showed that there is no significant relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Work-Family conflict among the study participants. However, there was a significant relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Family-Work conflicts. The study also found that a high emotional intelligence also translated into a better quality of life among the study respondents, and these results varied depending on age, gender, education, length of time in the current job, and overall work experience. This synthesis of research on work-family conflict and emotional intelligence offers a multifaceted contribution to theory, practice, and policy. By integrating findings from diverse theoretical frameworks, it enhances our understanding of the complex interplay between emotional intelligence and the experience of work-family conflict. Practically, it highlights the significance of emotional intelligence in managing work-family conflict, suggesting interventions such as training programs and supportive organizational cultures. From a policy perspective, it suggests incorporating emotional intelligence measures into recruitment and advocating for work-life balance policies. These insights pave the way for more effective strategies to promote well-being and productivity in the workplace.
Marketing Management Challenges of Locally Produced Rice Amidst Covid-19 Provocations: Nigerian Perspective
Many countries across the globe witnessed the challenges caused by COVID-19 Pandemic and Nigeria is not an exception as many economic activities were crippled. In Anambra State, many people died as a result of this catastrophe, and many sectors were economically affected, including agricultural and manufacturing industries. Accordingly, this study examined the effect of COVID-19 on the marketability of rice produced in Nigeria using Anambra State as a reference point. Specifically, the study investigated the effect of high price of rice, movement restriction, market closure, and high transportation costs on the marketability of locally produced rice. The survey research method was adopted and while the target population is 1798, the sample size is 327. The data source is primary and a structured questionnaire was administered to the respondents for data collection. The reliability value of 0.7939 established the internal consistency of the measuring instrument. However, multiple regression analysis statistical tool was used to test the hypotheses at a 5% significance level. The findings revealed that high price of rice, movement restriction, market closure, and high transportation costs had significant and negative effects on the marketability of locally produced rice in Anambra State. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant and negative effect on the marketability of locally-produced rice. Thus, the government should provide an enabling environment to encourage rice producers to transition into digital marketing channels to minimize the negative effects of COVID-19 and other unpredictable future pandemic business provocations.
Violation of the International Legal Framework on Rescue at Sea
The irregular migration routes are largely organized by smuggling and trafficking networks. Taking advantage of international obligations and human rights law, these criminalized networks have become innovative and strategic. The Central Mediterranean Sea is infamously connoted with the irregular migration phenomenon travelling in irregular means in overcrowded unseaworthy vessels often resulting in fatalities of deaths at sea. The smugglers’ innovative strategy is to first cross the irregular migrants’ boats from the territorial sea of Libya and then leave them stranded at sea, waiting to be rescued by Member States patrol boats or private vessels. Once stranded at sea for days or weeks, the irregular migrants have suffered from starvation, dehydration, suffocation and even violence from human smugglers. In accordance with the international legal framework on Search and Rescue (SAR), captains of vessels have the obligation to rescue them. This research argues that Italy has adopted a new irregular migrant containment strategy in the form of SAR activity discouragement. Their objective is to disengage these smuggling and trafficking networks. To discourage the irregular migrant crossing, the Italian strategy is to prevent and thus stop captains of private vessels or SAR NGOs from responding to rescue calls at sea through criminalizing SAR operations without prior authorization of the disembarking coastal state.. This paper argues that the criminalization measures against captains of vessels is argued to violate the international legal framework on search and rescue, international obligations and international human rights law. This research analysis how border enforcement measures and closed border policies under the pretense of the pandemic have negatively impacted upon the rights of refugees and asylum seekers travelling in an irregular manner by sea.
Commitment of Fraud Activities in Relation with Corporate Governance
Corporate Governance of legal entities is very important on determination of criminal responsibility. The theory and practice of criminal law, not only in our jurisdiction but also in a wider area, has elaborated. regarding the criminal liability of legal entities, especially of well-organized companies, such as second-tier banks, for the very position they occupy in a market and in the economy of a given country. Furthermore, we would like to emphasize the distinguish of criminal responsibility of the employee (employees) and how it is combined and separated from that of the legal entity. In our analysis below, we will show the Prosecutor interpretation of the criteria provided by the special law. Specifically, articles 3 and 4 of Law 9754/2007 "On the criminal liability of legal persons", which is the legal basis on which the criminal liability of any legal organization, in the form of a legal person, is based, according to the provisions of the Civil Code, the Law on Non-Profit Organizations ( 8788/2001) and the Law on Commercial Companies (9901/2008). To this we must also add the arguments that show that the evidence brought during trial, are not placed in the context of the criminal fact alleged to have been committed by the legal entity, moreover in some cases were deliberately distorted. As we emphasized above, we think that the strategy of the investigation was clear and not in the function of providing justice, i.e. confronting the criminal responsibility of the legal entity, in order to have a future argument for a trial possible civil, to seek civil liability from the latter, in the absence of the ability to pay of the one who caused this civil and non-criminal conflict, the Company and the party itself that claims to be the victim of this criminal process. We think that, in the event that an investigation developed and defended in this trial, in function of this strategy, would create a dangerous precedent for the business environment and would make it liable not only criminally but also civilly, for any action illegal actions carried out by its employees during the exercise of their functional duties, regardless of the fact that its governing bodies have authorized it, or moreover have been aware of these actions. The article presents concrete analysis of the legal interpretation of the legal person's criminal responsibility, but also of the evidence taken during trial in its function, we would like to dwell on some general considerations of criminal theory and practice, for the criminal liability of the legal person, since it was born as such, how it has been developed and adopted in practice in our jurisdiction, after the entry into force of the law. 9754/2004 "On the criminal liability of legal entities", seeing it in the context of the charge brought by the Prosecution body, against the person protected by me, the Legal Entity.
Medical Tourism Management Challenges - The Case of Dental Tourism in Albania
This study explores the factors that attract clients, Albanian emigrants and foreigners, to profit from dental services in Albania. There are many factors that determine the decision to choose Albanian dental services in Albania and not in their respective residence countries. This paper examines data concerning factors that influence clients’ choice. Additionally, this research provides information about the main tools that dental tourists use to choose whether to have dental services in their respective residence country or in Albania. The factors that have been analyzed are: Quality, Price, Hygiene, Environment, Customer Care, Customer Behavior, Places to visit. Data helps in developing a strategy that attracts foreign customers and Albanian emigrants to benefit from dental services in Albania. Finally this study gives a picture of the actual promotion of dental services and further recommendation in order to attract more customers are provided, taking into consideration that the quality offered is competitive in Balkans.
Copyright (c) 2021 European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Lack of Good Governance and the Generation of Political Crises in Developing Countries: Practical Case of Macedonia, Last Three Years’ Experience
Having in mind that the political approach and the way of governing today in developing countries is one of the key problems that face, or exists in Macedonia's practice, especially in a country like this, where today, still in these new, political, economic and global conditions and circumstances, we encounter great difficulties in the state of government and the lack of proper functioning of the transparent and principled form of institutions providing public services or those who have a tendency to public service delivery. The main purpose of this paper is to give some clarification about an experience that is often repeated in the practice of developing countries. This paper will raise these problems and issues: What are the underlying reasons for the lack of governance in developing countries?; What steps should be taken by governments of these countries in sense of being more prepared in the process of integrating countries into European structures and how can they prevent crises in the process of political reform? The paper will raise the research aspect by giving the opportunity to recognize the political reasons for the experiences that this country shares in the process that is ongoing even these days. And the last part of this research will focus on the recommendations that will be given to developing countries.
Between Law and Traditions: the Practice of (Non) Participation of Girls from the Albanian Community in Macedonia in the Family Property Inheritance
In the Republic of Macedonia after the state independence (1991) property issues, we have arranged through legal norms, but there are many factors that hamper the correct implementation of the goal set out in the positive norms for property inheritance.In the literature so far, we can find information and analysis of the law, the legal and institutional heritage system, litigation cases, comparative aspects of legal norms, but there is a lack of scientific research on the reasons for the low rate of girls’ involvement in the legal part of the family property inheritance which belongs to them. Within this paper, we have analyzed the practical circumstances in Macedonia from the context of girls (non) inclusion in the family property inheritance, or more precisely “voluntary” resignation from inheritance. Rather, in focus of the analysis are the circumstances that affect their resignation.In order to reach the primary data, we realized an empirical study, i.e. a questionnaire survey, including girls (female heirs) from the Albanian community in Macedonia, which have completed the inheritance process on family property within legitimate institutions. Finally, we analyze the data and draw conclusions. Also, suggestions are given to serve the broad academic community, policy-makers, and stakeholders, who may raise issues as a problem that requires special institutional and educational treatment.
Copyright (c) 2024 European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies
Toward European Integration in Public Administration and Public Services
The main purpose of this paper is to identify the problems associated with public administration, public services and the role public administrator when this process is guided by the principles of the European Union. Integration into the European Union, a long-awaited process and promoted in Albania, will have consequences in the political, economic, social live, and in the governance of this country. Public administration as an important link of the state governance and insight to citizens will certainly be affected by the integration process. The main purpose of this paper is to reflect and analyze how Public Administration works, and what is the heritage regarding Administration procedures and how to place first at the prospect of integration into the European Union. In this paper also aims to give a concise picture associated with public administrator performance and his role in providing public services. The goals of the research will be carried out between theoretical synthesis of the literature, legislation and reports. Main finding of this paper is the theoretical and practical approach about public services and public administration seen also form the European point of view.
The Challenges of Collective Action for Olive Growers in Albania
Despite a considerable increase of surfaces with new olive cultivars during last two decades in Albania, the yields have not followed the expected trend. Participation of farmers in common activities would have benefits for costs cutting and efficiency as well as for the commons in a broader economic and social aspect. An opportunity for reducing costs and increasing farmers' income is the organization of farmer’s production by the principles of collective action. The research objective is to find factors affecting the olive growers (farmers) participation in collective actions in Berat area, the second largest olive production area in Albania. A questionnaire was designed in order to measure several variables. Interviewing took place from October 2015 to February 2016. Education, access to markets, income and leadership have statistical significance and influence olive producer’s participation in activities based on collective action. The research results can be useful to policymakers, public bodies and researchers. The fact that with farm size increase, decrease the possibility of farmer’s participation in collective action activities is important finding that helps in understanding the critical financing limits and optimization of the public funds used in creation of public policies.
Hardiness and Resilience Versus Personality Work in Visually Impaired
Personality, trauma, research last 20 years showed that people in crisis are not only injured, suffering, but able to resist, withstand also solves life problems: not only adapt, but take courage to overcome difficulties, to love, to work, to construct, to let personality grow? Theoretically described in activity-meaning approach, focusing on positive aspects of extreme situation and meaning personality work with a traumatic experience (M. Magomed-Eminov, 1990, 2009) so that demonstrate resilience, coping, overcoming and hardiness. The study was aimed at identifying resistance in extreme situations by the comparative analysis of discourses of people with normal vision and impaired people with its various etiologies (blind from birth and have lost their vision due to injury). We tested manifestation of resistance in people with visual impairment (congenital or acquired as a result of injury), and sighted by a "Test of hardiness" (S. Maddi) and developed life situation interview. The sample (90 people) of three groups: 1) with intact vision, 2) loss of vision due to trauma, 3) with congenital visual impairment. The overall level of viability, control and risk taking). The third group demonstrated the highest score of hardiness. Comparative analysis showed statistically significant differences in these parameters between people with congenital impairment and two other groups, differences between people who lost vision due to trauma, and sighted are not significant. Qualitative analysis of crises experience showed that in traumatic loss the fact of blindness becomes one of the central problems in life experience and possibility of positive transformation and integration is less probable because loss of vision “completely changed their lives, former life meaning”. People with congenital visual impairment, showing similarities with sighted in allocation of types of loss and crisis situations (loss of a loved one, family breakdown, etc. ), but in description of effects and what they do with experience - more active and positive view on situation, future perspective and own efforts to overcome difficulties, to care of others, fulfill personality work which actually makes it possible to transform the hardiness into resilience, positive outcome of the disaster.
Fight against Organized Crime as One of the Fundamental Conditions for the Integration in the European Union. Albanian Case
The Integration of Albania in the European Union Structures remains one of the most important challenges of the Albanian government, since the post-communist period. To become a member of these structures with full rights, the Albanian government must fulfil some conditions and criteria. The main purpose of this paper relates to the analysis of the war against organized crime, as one of the fundamental conditions for the European Integration. The war against organized crime has been chosen as the most important focus because the defined criteria in this matter, regardless the efforts to improve the situation, have not yet given the desired results. Furthermore, it is important to emphasize the fact that lately the representatives of European Union increasingly are underlying in their statements that Albanian governments must document reliable data, regarding the war against organized crime, and they must document sustainability in this direction and give concrete results, because still in the security sector the proper objectives have not been reached. The real issue is not related with the missing of a national strategy in the war against the organized crime, but with the effective implementation and application of this strategy.
Interdisciplinary View into Optimism and Pessimism in Emic Perspective
The tradition of research of optimism and pessimism is very popular nowadays, but the past decades had offered a string of very interesting access into this phenomenon as within separate cultures so on the plan of cross-cultural comparisons. The aim of this research was to establish to which extent the different variables describing the style and lifestyle of students in Bosnia and Herzegovina are connected with the level of optimism / pessimism. In that regard, beside the general information on examinees, the differences regarding sex, evaluation of parental control dimensions and emotionality (family status), the level of empathy, intercultural sensibility, and the resistance and or the inclination to depressive, anxious conditions and stress, had been affirmed. An interdisciplinary approach dominated in this research (connecting the knowledge from pedagogy, psychology, sociology) relevant for the question of optimism/pessimism, as well as emic perspective, a perspective of view from within in research of one culture a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods. The empiric part of research has covered the sample comprising of 457 examinees, students of the Universities of Zenica and University of Sarajevo with total of 9 faculties covering technical, scientific, social and humanistic sciences. The results had confirmed some of previously obtained both theoretical and empiric thesis on connection of optimism / pessimism with family background, level of empathy, intercultural sensitivity and preference of examinees' lifestyles.
As a powerful driver, small and medium enterprises (SME) has a huge contribution to the German economy. The shortage of skilled workers underlines an emerging and resilient German economy. However, the future prospects of SME depend on creative employees as key actors. Nevertheless, demographic change is perceptible so that the labour integration of resident immigrants becomes more important. But several studies investigated inequalities especially discrimination in the labour market intensifying brain drain. Social discrimination has great impact on the capabilities of people, particularly in labour. Disadvantages are exposed to a lack of opportunities with the result of a capability gap. Diversity management offers competitive advantages but is mostly a management tool of bigger enterprise performances. This paper will present a process of enabling and empowering management process of capabilities. It is presented by the example of the solution cycle which will be called a participatory process design contributing to the lack in the classic management of diversity.
Professions Susceptible to Automation; A Study on Automotive Sector Employees
The future of jobs has been a popular issue in the industry 4.0 process and digitization. Many of today's profession groups are at risk with automation in the digitalization process and most will be replaced to computer-based software and robots. By this concept, with Industry 4.0, we come up with whether the jobs are susceptible or non-susceptible to automation. According to researchers, jobs, where more routine and labor-intensive work is done, are categorized as group of jobs prone to automation, on the other hand jobs requiring human skills in which intellectual skills are used intensively, especially those that cannot be done through machines yet are categorized as group of jobs non-susceptible to automation. A recent Forrester Report predicts that by 2021, 6% of jobs in the US will be automated. In another study, it is predicted that 47% of the professions in the US will be unmanned during the automation process. By this study, a review of the literature on the susceptibility of the various professions to automation will be made and self-assessment of the automotive sector managers in ?zmir and the surrounding areas regarding their future professions will be studied through a descriptive study.
Conceptual Usage of Systems Dynamics in Patients Rehabilitation Management
The essence of social sciences is well encompassed in Green’s (2006) quote “People were created to be loved. Things were created to be used. The reason why the world is in chaos is because things are being loved and people are being used. ” For this reason, social sciences are important, as major research paradigm on how and why individuals interrelate. The aim of the actual research is to look for a conceptual approach activity, as part of a larger project focused on individual rehabilitation. The brain is trained to react to the stimulus and command a behavior. The premise, for the considered approach, is understanding the social sciences as revealing the individuals interests for self conscience, well being and moral values and drawing the line to it’s importance for governments authorities, policymakers or NGO’s.
Citizen Participation and Sense of Community in the Development of the Permanent Conservation Project Plan
Algeria is a country known for its diversity. Indeed, each of its regions stands out for its urban landscape, heritage, customs and traditions. The urban landscape of the Souf region is exceptional. This one is known for the originality of its architecture. Its two old districts "Messaaba and Acheche" having the status of safeguarded sector since the year 2013, were endowed with a project of elaboration of the permanent plan of safeguarding. The citizen is a key element in this project because it is the element that makes this heritage live. Therefore, citizen dialogue must be at the heart of the project process. To facilitate the consultation process and win public confidence for its full support to projects, it is necessary to establish a collaborative approach and establish mechanisms connecting the project. The effectiveness of its participation depends on individual differences. These variables could be demographic (age groups, educational level, economic context ... .etc), personality, or sense of community. The purpose of this article is to examine sense of community level that influences the process of participation of citizens concerned by the elaboration of the permanent safeguarding plan project, through a survey that was initiated with the inhabitants of two old districts "Messaaba and Acheche" to the city of El Oued.
Analysis Related to Optimal Size of Municipality and Efficiency - A Literature Review
The need for policy with a territorial focus is prompting central governments in most of European Countries in transition. They pay attention to sub-national territorial levels. In all territorial development studies and assessments conducted at sub-national level, the choice of territorial unit is of prime importance. The reference used by international bodies, researchers and policy-makers in their work is usually a country’s administrative units, given the availability of relevant information. The purpose of the Literature Review is to clarify some questions: Is there an optimal size or range of sizes for a local government entity from the standpoint of efficiency and to minimize duplication of efforts? Are there diseconomies of scale associated with larger local governments requiring proportionally more administration? There is a healthy literature on municipal size and the efficiency of the delivery of municipal services. The belief that larger size local governments would be more efficient has motivated much of this work and, further, has motivated the call for consolidation to cure the supposed inefficiencies.
The Right of Property and its Juridical Protection - Albania Case
Selected theme, aims to highlight some of the current issues concerning the right of property as one of the fundamental human rights. Although the Albanian Constitution provides and guarantees the right of ownership , there are a lot of problems regarding the practical effectiveness of these arrangements, the executive titles of ownership and prior compensation in the case of the removal of this right Consequently , the current situation clearly shows that, there is still superposition of these ownership titles and very little legal protection , because the transactions remain informal action apparently by law.According to the analysis of ECHR decisions and EC’s recommendations, in some cases, there is a “gap” between law and practice of the Albanian courts and international directions, causing crash between European standards and Albanian legal culture. In the context of respect and guarantee of the fundamental human rights, it’s necessary a great commitment to complete and consolidate the system of property in general and essentially not violated these rights .The consolidation and guarantee of ownership it’s closely related to the consolidation of the democratic state .
An Evaluation of the Nature of Public Spaces in the Private Realm over the Examples of Privately Owned Public Spaces in NYC
The designing and implementation of public spaces have a crucial role in the development of cities. A city’s success is generally based on the quality of its public spaces and it is a fact that public space is an elementary aspect of urban life. Moreover, one mandatory standard for big cities to function well is there to be a welcoming public space, where a number of urban activities can take place. According to the general notion, parks, streets, city squares, sidewalks, etc. can be included in public spaces. In addition to these, some indoor spaces such as below ground stories, plaza entrances and places like waterfronts or elevated structures with new functions have been considered as public space nowadays. In order to create, design and finance public spaces, sometimes private organizations and public governmental bodies cooperate. However, a game changer in the public and private realm was the 1961 zoning program of New York City Department of City Planning. This program gave permission to private developers build more floor space than they were allowed in exchange for supplying public spaces. As a result of this act, privately owned public spaces (POPS) were created blurring the definition of public space. Today there are more than five hundred POPS in NYC including indoor and outdoor spaces. This study will try to provide an analysis and general view of POPS as public spaces questioning the issues about their use, control and ownership. The criteria of successful urban design for public spaces and the role of governmental authorities in regulating and planning the public spaces will be discussed along with the boundaries and scope of public activities that can take place in public spaces. Finally, the question of whether the ownership of public space by private harms the concept of public space and the rights of citizens will be approached via different perspectives. After looking at the conceptual definitions of public space in literature and analyzing specific examples of POPS, this paper will attempt to come up with a functioning definition of public space in the private realm.
Specialized Foster Care as System Approach, Deinstitutionalization of Social Protection in Case of Adults with Developmental Difficulties in the Republic of Srpska – a Case Stady
Bosnia and Herzegovina, and thus its entities, has ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. In spite of that fact, adults with developmental disabilities daily face stigma and barriers in exercising their fundamental rights. Due to the inability of independent functioning, as well as the inability of the family to care for adults with developmental disabilities, a big number are placed in residential care. Foster care as a form of care in System of social protection can be functional for avoiding institutionalization, insurance of social inclusion of adults with disabilities, and enable them to function independently. Specialized foster care is one of the possible solutions in the deinstitutionalization of adults with developmental disabilities who are placed in residential care. This paper is focused on the particularities of specialized foster care for adults with developmental disabilities in the Republic of Srpska, which is regulated by the Social Protection Law and the foster care Rule book. Foster care, in terms of the Law, implies takin care the care users in the family that provides fulfillments of basic needs, family that takes care of the person and helps in the rights exercise and the obligations fulfillment. This normative definition of foster care opens space for adults and the elderly foster care, which is not developed nor sufficiently represented in the countries of the region, Europe and the world as well. Foster care for adults with disabilities in the Republic of Srpska is performing through a form of specialized foster care. This paper presents case studie of the specialized foster care as a posibility for adequate care of adults with developmental disabilities, with special points to the ability of supporting deinstitutionalization through specialized foster care. This case study is an example of a systemic approach to deinstitutionalization of adults with developmental disabilities. The study and results that were presented in the case has shown that it is possible to perform the deinstitutionalization of persons with developmental disabilities after twenty years spent in an institution.
The Concept of Moderation within the Context of Leadership in Malaysia
Leadership is an important aspect in a country’s development and shaping of its society. The advancement of a nation is dependent on its leadership. With that in mind, this article aims to shed light on the concept of moderation from the perspective of the leadership of Malaysia’s Prime Ministers. The main focus of this study is the concept of moderation utilised by Dato’ Seri Mohd Najib Tun Razak’s leadership through aspects such as politics, economy and social. The methodology used in this study is document analysis and historical research, which enabled us to obtain complete data. The results of this study show that the concept of moderation does indeed exist in his leadership, in his quest to bring the nation on par with other developed countries.
The Importance of Music in the Development of the Child
Music has tremendous power, fascinate, relaxes, entertains. Imagine the power that can play in a child's development in the womb. It is a given that in no way should not be neglected. The cry of child, the vocals of his first knowledge of the most recognizable voices, those who feel that in the womb or heartbeat of the mother, all this makes it clear that every human being has an innate sense of rhythm and musicality. According to a survey conducted by Disney for the relationship between music and educational process of the children, it was found that music is essential for the development of imagination and creativity of children, being a universal language, and representing a tool indispensable for development the least towards a more multi-racial. The importance of music in a child's development is demonstrated in different studies, research etc. These studies show that what music is and how capable is it affect the welfare of a child, from an emotional point of view, social, linguistic and motor.
Perception and preferences of the doctors from the Health Centers towards the use of antibiotics in Prishtina, Kosovo
Background: Resistance to antibiotics is a global public health problem with economic, social and political implications, especially in underdeveloped countries. Over the last few years, this challenge has been of particular importance at the global level seriously endangering the effective treatment of many diseases. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the level of use of antibiotics and practices followed by Pristina primary doctors in Kosovo and to educate and educate as many as possible the population of Pristina regarding the use of antibiotics in order to ensure the quality of their lives. Method: A survey was conducted with a random sampling, attended by about 120 doctors of KPSH to indicate whether they have antibiotics with whom they are familiar, as well as antibiotic access and preference, which is the same regardless of the type of specialization staff at the KPSH. Participants were recruited into one of the 12 Main Family Medicine Centers (KPSH) in Prishtina for the period June - July - August 2017. Results: Of the 120 doctors surveyed at KPSH, on the question of whether you have antibiotics with whom you are familiar with, more than half (55%) do not have any favorite antibiotics, while 40% of them have some antibiotics with whom they are familiar. Though 6 (8.1%) of family doctors have reported that they are familiar with many of the antibiotics, there is no significant difference between Chi-square = 4.76; Df = 4; p = 0.313 after testing. About a quarter of the respondents describe antibiotics without antibiograms, and over half of them sometimes and only 10.8% do not prescribe antibiotics without antibiograms, regardless of the type of specialization of staff at SPC. Patient advise on side effects has been performed by most doctors of SCC and only 5 doctors or 4.2% do not give advice to their patients for side effects, but without significant difference depending on the type of specialization. Over 80% of respondents in their daily practice have encountered a known case of resistance to any antibiotic, but without significant difference depending on the type of specialization
Sex Differences in Perpetration of Low Intensity Intimate Partner Aggression in South Sudan
The aim of the study was to investigate sex differences in perpetration of low intensity intimate partner aggression in South Sudan, to compare levels of perpetration and victimisation, and further to test whether the revised gender symmetry theory (Archer, 2018) could be applicable in an African country. A questionnaire was filled in by 302 females and 118 males in South Sudan, the mean age was 22.5 years (SD 8.4) for women, and 25.6 years (SD 7.8) for men. Intimate partner aggression was measured with self-reports using both the perpetrator and the victim versions of the Direct Indirect Aggression Scales for Adults (DIAS-Adult; Österman & Björkqvist, 2009), which measures seven types of aggressive behavoiurs. The results showed no significant difference between females and males on perpetration of five out of seven types of aggression; physical, verbal and nonverbal aggression, as well as direct and indirect aggressive social manipulation. For females, levels of victimisation and perpetration of aggression were equally high; this was the case for all seven types of aggression while, for males, victimisation was significantly higher than perpetration on three types of aggression. The results provide support for the revised gender symmetry theory in an African developing country.
Leadership as Important Factor for Agricultural Development in Albania
An important challenge for the development of the Albanian agriculture remains the small surface and farm fragmentation. A chance for enhance with a sustainable impact is the agriculture development based on the principles of collective action. The objective of the study is measurement of the importance of leadership perceived by farmers and farmers’ willingness to cooperate among main agricultural activities in Albania. The study will investigate farmers in two important agricultural sectors – vegetable production in greenhouses and apple production. Study measures the impact of leadership as a factor which increases farmers’ potential for collective action, illustrated by vegetable producers in greenhouses and apple producers. Results of the research show that leadership is an important factor for development of collective action in Albanian agriculture. The results are especially important for agricultural sectors of vegetable production in greenhouses and apple production, but they can also be useful for undeveloped agricultural regions. Promotion of leadership in farming communities will have benefits beyond agriculture by promoting good management and maintenance of common resources.
The Perception and Attitudes Towards City Garbage Management: A First Analysis
The main aim of this paper is to to explore the perception and attitude of people toward an important issue like the City Garbage Management. A new Survey Questionnaire to measure the perception and attitudes towards city garbage management has been developed by the Authors, in order to realize a very first analysis of compatibility of the Comprehensive Action Determination Model - CADM (Klöckner, 2013) with City Garbage Management issues. To test the application of the CADM model to City Garbage Management, a simple linear regression was calculated to predict the dependent variables based on predictor variables according the CADM model. The linear regression analysis shows a first confirmation of the CADM model applied to the perception and attitudes towards city garbage management.
Theoretical Considerations to Improve a Good Questionnaire on Tolerance
The need for tolerance or buttressing existing tolerance is very important for the cohesion of our pluralistic society hence the measuring of tolerance is very helpful in considering intelligent ways to foster tolerance in a specific context. Theoretical considerations about the meaning of tolerance and the factors involved in obtaining tolerance are crucial in building a good measuring tool. A sustained good theoretical effort is appraised here in evaluating some aspects of one such good tool, a questionnaire developed to measure the tolerance of last year students of education. But we also can see how a certain understanding of tolerance with regard to relativism can improve this questionnaire to not filter out some tolerant people with exclusive views of truth.
Improvement of Sports Technique Based on Biomechanical Indicators of Yurchenko Handspring Vault in Women’s Artistic Gymnastics
The main purpose of this paper is the biomechanical analysis of the kinematic and dynamic indicators of sports technique used in Yurchenko handspring vault by means of the macro methods for exercises learning during the training basic specialization stage. This scientific approach led to the organization of an experimental study, using the research methods as follows: 1. Method of theoretical and methodological analysis of literature related to artistic gymnastics. 2. Method of evaluation of gymnastics exercises sports technique using the algorithmic analysis of the motion. 3. Video computerized method, using” Pinnacle Studio”,” Kinovea” and” Physics ToolKit” programs. 3. Method of movement postural orientation and evaluation of key elements of sports technique with complex coordination of movement structure. 4. Method of linear-branched programming of gymnastics exercises learning and improving. 5. Statistical method, by means of” KyPlot” program. The research was conducted from 2012 to 2014, when gymnasts’ performances were monitored in three national competitions - handspring vaults event; a number of 7 athletes aged 12 to 15 participated in these competitions, all of them members of junior national team of Romania. The results of the research highlighted and identified the kinematic and dynamic characteristics of sports technique key elements of Yurchenko vault in women’s artistic gymnastics. The implementation of the macro methods of learning in young gymnasts’ training contributed to the improvement of sports technique and the effective experimental distribution of the difficult and highly difficult basic vaults.